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refining crude antimony oxide

Production of high-grade antimony oxide from smelter slag

2025年2月19日  Antimony oxide was precipitated from the PLS via the hydrolysis process. The product composed of 81.43% Sb, 16.23% O, and 2.34% Fe. This study aimed to investigate

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Fire Refining of Rough Antimony from Impurities for

2022年2月1日  Results of an investigation aimed at optimizing the fire refining process for purification and extraction of antimony into a high-grade commercial metallic product are

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Research on the Thermodynamic Simulation Model of Antimony

2 天之前  The products were precipitated and separated in the cylinder area of the furnace, the antimony-rich crude lead was discharged into the refining furnace from the siphon, and the

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Antimony and arsenic substance flow analysis in antimony ...

2023年7月1日  In the process of reduction smelting, the distribution ratios of arsenic in crude antimony and slag are 83.19% and 16.38%, respectively. In the process of refining, 94.43%

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METHODS FOR PROCESSING OF ANTIMONY

2023年6月29日  Methods of reducing melting and sulfide-alkaline leaching of antimony sulfide concentrates to obtain metallic antimony and antimony trioxide are discussed, and methods of

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Technical Application of Removing Lead and Cadmium from Crude Antimony ...

2025年4月14日  Focus on the refining of crude antimony, this study proposes a SbPO 4 -NaPO 3 composite refining agent and removes impurities through the interaction between the refining

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Characterization of antimony-containing metallurgical residues for ...

2021年12月10日  This paper reports a complete characterization of three typical Sb-containing metallurgical residues, namely crude antimony trioxide, lead softening slag, and antimony

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Antimony Extraction Method and Economic Efficiency - Xinhai

2025年3月28日  Electrolytic refining: Using crude antimony as anode and pure antimony flakes as cathode, electrolysis in SbF₃-HF electrolyte can obtain 99.9% high-purity antimony, which is

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Recovery of Antimony from Refinery Slag of Unified

2024年3月12日  Recovery of Antimony from Refinery Slag of Unified Mining Company (Emusa) Figure 1: Flowchart of production of Sb and 2 and slag with high

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Bismuth Metallurgy - SpringerLink

2023年5月17日  In nature, there is a small amount of the simple substance of bismuth. The most common bismuth minerals include bismuthinite (Bi 2 S 3), bismutite (Bi 2 O 3 or bismite), copper bismuthinite (3Cu2S4Bi2S3), plumbum bismuthinite (2PbSBi 2 S 3), and so on, among which Bi 2 S 3 and Bi2O3 are of the highest value. The bismuth minerals are usually associated with

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Antimony and arsenic substance flow analysis in antimony ...

2023年7月1日  Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 33(2023) 2216−2230 Antimony and arsenic substance flow analysis in antimony pyrometallurgical process Ke WANG, Qin-meng WANG, Yuan-lin CHEN, Zhong-chen LI, Xue-yi GUO School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China Received 23 February 2022; accepted 31 July

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A novel process for directional impurity removal and

2024年1月1日  The current processes for producing high-purity antimony include electrolytic refining, chlorination-distillation-reduction, straight-pull purification, and regional smelting [10].Among these processes, the electrolytic refining method can produce 4 N antimony; however, electrolysis conditions are harsh, and the process produces the highly toxic gases AsH 3 and

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A Summary of Smelting and Secondary Recovery Process of Antimony

2025年1月29日  Stibnite is a significant raw material for antimony refining and has a high economic value. Fig. 6. ... Ye et al. assessed the part played in the smelting reduction of antimony oxide by the FeO-SiO 2-CaO-Na 2 O low melting point slag system. 41 The raw material ... arsenic in the lead-antimony crude alloy is removed by the alkali method in the ...

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Removing antimony from waste lead storage batteries alloy

2018年4月5日  Nowadays, the Sb-content in the lead storage batteries is approximately 0.5–3 wt%. However, there are few specific reports about the method of removing antimony from high-antimony lead bullion. Generally, removal of antimony from high-antimony lead bullion was treated in reference to the refining process of crude lead with lower antimony content.

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Antimony and Antimony Compounds - Grund - Wiley Online

2006年7月15日  Refining. 8. Fine Purification. 9. Recovery of Antimony Oxide ... and usage of the element antimony and its primary compounds. Stibnite, which is referred to as crude antimony when its Sb 2 S 3 content is above 90 %, has a low melting point and it can be extracted by melting (liquidation). Antimony metal is recovered from ore primarily by ...

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Separation behavior of arsenic and lead from antimony

2020年5月1日  The pyrometallurgical routes consist of roasting, oxide volatilization and then carbothermic reduction of Sb 2 O 3 or ... Method for removal of lead and arsenic in crude antimony vacuum refining process. CN104328289A (2014) Google Scholar [10] Y. Dai, B. Yang. Vacuum metallurgy for nonferrous metals and materials.

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Antimony and Antimony Compounds - Grund - Wiley Online

2006年7月15日  Refining. 8. Fine Purification. 9. Recovery of Antimony Oxide ... and usage of the element antimony and its primary compounds. Stibnite, which is referred to as crude antimony when its Sb 2 S 3 content is above 90 %, has a low melting point and it can be extracted by melting (liquidation). Antimony metal is recovered from ore primarily by ...

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Advancements in the separation, purification, and smelting

2025年3月1日  After electrolytic refining, bismuth-rich anode sludge is obtained; bismuth is then selectively leached out, separating silver and antimony (MSA solution selectively dissolves bismuth, thereby separating antimony [97]); finally, bismuth is recovered through electrodeposition to produce bismuth plates. Under optimal conditions, the method can ...

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The metallurgy of antimony - ScienceDirect

2012年7月17日  The oxide volatilization process to recover additional antimony usually treats the residue, containing 12–30% antimony. The liquated product, called crude, liquated or needle antimony, is sold as such for applications requiring antimony sulfide, or is converted to metallic antimony by iron precipitation or careful roasting to the oxide ...

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METALLURGY - usantimony

Volatilization Roasting is the process of volatilizing the sulfur and forming antimony crude oxide (Sb2O3) Sb2S3 +9O→Sb2O3+3 SO2; begins at 290°, rapid at 520° and finishes at 560° (Saito); begins at 290°, if the size of the

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Modified pyro-metallurgical technology for recovery of

2014年5月18日  tons kettle capacity for refining process from remaining slag and alloying elements by pyro-metallurgical refining process (Environment Agency [2], lead-smelting.html [3] and Jones [4]). 1.1 Pyro-metallurgical refining process (Harris) The first step is to remove copper and the second step is to remove antimony, arsenic and tin.

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One-Step Extraction of Antimony in Low

A new process for one-step extraction of antimony in low temperature from stibnite concentrate by reductive sulfur-fixation smelting in sodium molten salt, using iron oxide as sulfur-fixing agent, was presented. The influences of

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Production of high-grade antimony oxide from smelter slag

2025年2月19日  Additionally, there is a study focusing on the characterization of crude products containing high levels of As and Pb obtained from an antimony smelting plant, which contains about 82–82.5 % Sb [48]. The removal of As in the crude product is achieved through HNO 3 leaching [49]. Unlike previous studies, the use of a different residue source ...

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Antimony Recovery from End-of-Life Products and Industrial

2016年2月8日  Antimony has become an increasingly critical element in recent years, due to a surge in industrial demand and the Chinese domination of primary production. Antimony is produced from stibnite ore (Sb2O3) which is processed into antimony metal and antimony oxide (Sb2O3). The industrial importance of antimony is mainly derived from its use as flame

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Resilience in the antimony supply chain - ScienceDirect

2022年11月1日  We found that the antimony diversity of supply of both mining and refining is low, but is enhanced by recycling, around 25% of global antimony supply is produced via recycling of antimony bearing metal alloys. Based on production volume, almost 70% of antimony was mined as by- or co-product in 2018, indicating a high supply risk.

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Antimony Processing: Unlocking the Potential of

2024年3月20日  Antimony is added to the lead grids of the battery to improve their mechanical strength and durability. It also contributes to the formation of a stable oxide layer on the positive plate, enhancing battery performance and

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Alternative Fluxes for Lead Bullion Refining SpringerLink

2023年2月14日  Sodium nitrate was used as the oxidizing agent HSC thermochemistry software was used to determine the feasibility of these reagents for the removal of arsenic, antimony, and tin from crude lead. The chemical analyses of these experiments are shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3.

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Lead and tin removal from antimony metal by refining

2022年2月24日  the antimony losses in the form of antimonate sodium compounds. The refining agent pre-dewatering decreased the evolution of gases during refining and the loss of antimony with gases. The certain amount of refining reagent or flux was added to 200 g of crude antimony containing 3.46% of lead and 1.48 % of tin. The mixture was placed

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Antimony (Sb) - Definition, Preparation,

2025年1月21日  Roasting: The antimony sulfide is roasted in air to convert it into antimony oxide (Sb₂O₃). Reduction: The antimony oxide is then reduced to metallic antimony by heating it with carbon or by reacting it with iron scrap in a

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